Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Clinical microbiology and molecular microbiology is the investigation of science which manages the investigation of sub-molecular premise and any microorganisms which causes diseases. The reason for this investigation is on human ailment, this concentration is contemplated by the premise of the case from the body site, kind of liquid or particular body tissue. The microbiologists must have the capacity to express the alteration between normal microorganisms expected in a specimen and those causing an infectious disease. The new microorganisms are being uncovered constantly and they are propelled increasingly opposing the anti-microbial. Thus, they are refined on a fake medium in the research centre and along these lines it is discovered whether it is microscopic organisms or parasites or infection amid the season of sickness.
As of late the molecular investigation on replication, host interaction in insect viruses have contributed greatly to molecular, cell and organismal microbiology. The straightforwardness with which many insect viruses are spread in cell cultures and animals, the high yields virus particles or virus encoded macromolecules, and the significance with which many insect viruses can be genetically operated for some experimental benefits provided by those pathogens .It deals with viruses that infect fungi are identified called Mycoviruses .These Mycoviruses generally have double-stranded RNA genomes and isometric particles, but around 30% of these viruses have positive sense and single-stranded RNA genomes, so they are true Mycoviruses ,that they must have an capability to be transmitted.
Viral oncology is a branch of oncology, in which it is worried about treatment of human diseases/tumors and cancer with virus particles. Roughly 20% of all cancers worldwide results from chronic infections up to 15% of human diseases is described by a viral ethology with higher frequency in Developing Countries. Recently, the infectious nature of specific tumors has important implications in their prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Now there are many significant researches and experiments are going in viral oncogenesis for treatment of malignancy.
The knowledge of parasites that are multiplying inside bacteria by creating use of the host biosynthetic machinery is defined as bacterial virology. Bacteriophages are those which infect and replicate in bacteria. Since the last century, bacteria are constant to develop for the resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin, and this has directed to a renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages to treat serious infectious diseases.
Paediatrics is a subdivision of the science of medicine which includes the medical care of infants, children and adults. Pediatric infectious diseases are that which is formed due to microorganisms and other microbes like bacteria, fungi, viruses and other pathogens. These types of pathogens infect the children and make them ill causing several problems in body. These infectious diseases may lead to the problems like Diarrhoea and vomiting in babies and infants. When the infections get saviour problem, it interrupts the sleeping pattern of babies projecting them with pain of difficulties. The most common Pediatric infectious diseases are Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RVS) and Sepsis and the contagious form of infections in babies.
Viral epidemiology is about the study of occurrence and spread of viruses in population over time. The features like host, virus and the specific environment of growth are monitored to determine the dynamics of viral infections, the ultimate target is to devise intervention policies. In the sense of epidemiology, the 'pathogenicity' is the extent of total infections that produce the evident disease, which is almost varying from virus to virus and may be affected by some host factors. This analysis prominence on the epidemiology of recently appeared virus and infectious diseases in human and other animals. The diseases are acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), bovine spongiform encephalopathy, canine haemorrhagic disease and respiratory syndrome in animals like horses.
The current study in virology comprises the investigation of mechanism of HIV replication and pathogenesis. Diseases like Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia. Some other research involves chronic and latent infections which are caused by viruses such as Epstein-Barr and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus and herpes simplex and the retrovirus. Scientists are also reviewing viral host interactions along with the mechanism of viral induced cellular transformation. Drug-drug interactions happen when a drug interacts or interferes with another drug. The drug which can be included can be doctor prescribed solutions, over-the-counter meds and even vitamins and normal items.
Microbiology is the learning of microscopic organisms, like bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. Some subdivisions of Microbiology are mycology, Virology, Immunology, infectious diseases, bacteriology, nematology, parasitology, etc. The antibiotics are the mediators used against pathogenic bacteria, either orally or paternally.
The word pathology generally used broadly to refer to the study of disease, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices. However, when the term used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a narrower fashion to refer to processes and tests which fall within the contemporary medical field of "general pathology," an area which includes several distinct but inter-related medical specialties that diagnose disease, mostly through analysis of tissue, cell, and body fluid samples. Idiomatically, "a pathology" may also refer to the predicted or actual progression of diseases, and the affix path is sometimes used to indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in cardiomyopathy) and psychological conditions like psychopathy. A physician who is practicing pathology is called a pathologist.
Dermatology is generally defined as the medical science of diagnosing and treating skin diseases affecting the skin, hair, and nails and moreover, it is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. Generally, Dermatologists specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin diseases and cancers. The skin is the largest organ in the body includes hair, nails, the wet areas of the mouth and genitalia.
Typical skin consultations are acne, psoriasis, atopic eczema, skin infections such as warts, mole surveillance, melasma, and occupational dermatitis. Now the Dermatologists also conduct Mohs surgery and deliver cosmetic services such as laser therapy.
Many dermatologists conduct outpatient clinics in public hospitals and are involved in the training of dermatology registrars. Many dermatologists are also involved in research, at both the basic science and clinical levels.
Microbial physiology is the progression of understanding the factors like cell assembly, growth factor, metabolism and the genomic arrangement of microorganisms. This is about the interconnection of the disciplines of microbiology, biochemistry and inheritances of a bacterial cell. The genomics also plays a vital character where microbial physiology and genomics are inter-related. The experiment of microbial physiology and genomics are based on molecular biology concerned with the structure and function and evolution of a cell, the term genomics also defines the same, added it illustrates the mapping of genomes. To be more specific a genome is an organism’s complete set of DNAs which includes all genes.
Most of the infectious diseases occur when organisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi get contact with our bodies and make us sick. These sicknesses can spread from person to person. A disease condition called Hepatitis, defined by the tenderness of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Hepatitis A is an intense irresistible infection of the liver instigated by the hepatitis A virus. HCV can spread mostly by blood-to-blood contact linked with intravenous drug. The IHV focusses in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and other chronic viral diseases, such as Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, and the Human Papilloma Virus Infection.
Some variations in lifestyle have also led to the growth of new threats to public health from infection. Health authorities depend on both medical consultants and research laboratory for data on the occurrence of these circumstances. The infectious disease professional of internal medicine is skilled on studying and doing experiments on infectious diseases. They also have knowledge in contaminations of the sinuses, heart, brain, lungs, urinary tract, bowel, bones and pelvic organs by infectious diseases. Their wide physical experiments focus on all kinds of infections, including those instigated by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Infectious disease specialists also have extra training in how the body fights against infection, how infections spread, and the way of control of infection.
Antimicrobials, antibiotics, antibacterial medications used in the treatment and prevention of the diseases caused by bacterial infections. Antibiotics are not active against viruses like the common cold or influenza and their unsuitable use permits the rise of resistant organisms. A group of drugs are used to treat infections caused by microorganisms/microbes/germs. The parasite is a kind of microbe that requires to live on or in alternative living being (host). Antibiotics can be taken in various ways like mouth as liquids, tablets, capsules and they can be given by injection. An antimicrobial may be semisynthetic or synthetic which kills or control the development of microorganisms but causes slight or no injuries to the host. Wholly antibiotics are antimicrobials, nevertheless antimicrobials are antibiotics.
The immune system is classified into two types, innate immunity and adaptive, which is acquired immunity. Some differences are present between the two divisions, but some cell functions and components are common. All alive substances are subject to attack from disease-causing mediators. The process of defence gets more sophisticated as organisms become more complex. Almost all multicellular animals have devoted cells or tissues to deal with infection. Jointly, these protections are known as the immune system. The main portions of the immune system are: the natural barriers (skin, mucous membranes, etc.), nonspecific cells (phagocytes, natural killer cells, etc.), and nonspecific molecules (complement, interferons, etc.). There are many factors, such as age, general health, nutrition, and genetic makeup of any human host, affect how the immune system responds to microorganisms.
Diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases are done by doctors along with the help of lab technicians and thereby regulates what kind of infections are occurred. They first diagnose the symptoms during the process of image scanning or by other tests. The laboratory test includes various kinds of infectious diseases which are similar with symptoms and signs. In few cases, the body fluid or the sample collected for testing exposes the microbe which is invaded into human body causing illness. The doctor diagnoses in an efficient way and proceed with the treatments. During the diagnosis doctors follow various forms of diagnostic measures or methods such as Blood test, Urine test, Throat swabs, Stool sample, Spinal tap. Apart from these they follow some image scanning techniques and Biopsies. After inventing the proper type of disease, the physician/doctor prescribes the equivalent dosage of drug/medications.
The vaccine is an incapacitated form of microorganism or virus which is introduced in the body to simulate a definite infection. As the vaccinated microbes are 'dead,' they do not cause a person to end up sick. Comparatively, vaccines stimulate an immune response by using the body a good means to fight off that sort of infection. It asylums infectious disease objectives and non-infectious ailment targets. The vaccine-mediated defence is a multifaceted mission. Recently the vaccines are developed empirically, with less or zero proficiency on how they set off the immune system. Their early defensive efficacy is usually consulted through the induction of antigen-particular antibodies.
The diseases of peripheral nervous system can cause severe neurological disorders when correlated to infections this may occur due to direct or indirect contact of the microbes or due to any secondary immune overactivation. HIV is a retro virus, transmitted by sexual contact and contaminated blood. Herpes simplex virus type2 can cause neurological morbidity more than any other viruses. It is seen that about 45 million people are affected due to this type of virus in USA. The cause of blood infectious diseases are the primary pathogens in human like HIV, HBV, HCV contaminated blood or blood spills. Blood infections are very serious when they lead to organ damage, clotting of blood during sepsis reduces the flow of blood and in several cases one or more organs fails. Sometime this may lead to worst conditions, like when blood pressure drops the heart gets weekend the patient is prone towards shock and within a fraction of second various organs in our body gets fails to function and thereby this leads to the death of the patient.
Virology is about infections like sub microscopic, parasitic particles of hereditary material contained in a protein coat. There are some viral diseases like customary cold, influenza, rabies, measles, numerous sorts of detachment of the entrails, hepatitis, Dengue fever, yellow fever, polio, smallpox and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There is other type of virus called Herpes simplex virus causes mouth rankles and genital herpes and is under investigation as a possible factor in Alzheimer's. The symptoms of infection may be seen in singular body parts, like skin rashes, hacking, or a runny nose. These symptoms can be prevented by wearing outfits and wearing face veils can help keep diseases from being passed starting with one individual then onto the next.
Some large viruses are present like filamentous forms of viruses, influenza and Ebola, they are basically too large to utilize caveolae, or other commonly used entry routes. In its place, these viruses trigger internalization by activating micropinocytosis which is a specimen of viruses reprogramming cells to assist virus replication. The other important structural feature is the surface of the virion. There are some types of viruses called enveloped viruses are not stable outside of the human body and are typically transmitted by transfer of body fluids. Where nonenveloped viruses are much more stable, and most of them can be transmitted by other mechanisms like faecal–oral route, this is also the way how polio and many other GI viruses are transmitted. In the case of Hepatitis, from contaminated shellfish for example, is caused by hepatitis A, a nonenveloped virus that is stable outside of the human body. In contrast, hepatitis B and C viruses have envelopes, and are transmitted by sexual contact or by blood.
The human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is a lent virus that causes HIV infection and AIDS.HIV diagnosis is done by testing human blood or saliva for antibodies to the virus. HIV, AIDS, clinical trials are research studies are performed to have a better approach, distinguish, or treat HIV, AIDS. Clinical trials are the predominant way to regulate if new medical approaches to HIV, AIDS are safe and effective in people.
Humans beings have been contending viruses and viral infections, vaccines and antiviral drugs have permitted us to keep infections from spreading widely and have assisted sick people recover from some viral infections. But there are also some other viruses which are equally deadly and some of them even deadlier. We should be always being attentive on informs about theses deadliest viruses and viral diseases since those can spread quickly without our attention. Better prevent these viral diseases and infections we should aware about the viruses.
Naturally when the immune system encounters a virus it produces specific antibodies that can bind to it and eliminate it. Antibodies present in the blood samples may be used to determine if the person has been suffering for the specific infection. The second way of defence is may be by the cell mediated and humoral immune response by the production of B cells and T helper cells. The immune system holds the retention of the infection hence a second encounter of the same virus is prevented and eliminated.
Recently one of the most common viral infections are the respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract infections are including with the infection of sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. The respiratory tract infections(RTI) are generally classified in tow subdivisions as Upper Respiratory tract infections(URTI) and Lower Respiratory tract infections(LRTI). The viruses which are associated with respiratory disorders these are adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, human metapneumovirus.
Neurovirology is the most important field that signifies the connection of clinical neuroscience, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. The main target of this field is to investigate the viruses which can infect the nervous system. Without this there is a additional study of this division, the use of some viruses to trace neuroanatomical pathways, for gene therapy, and to eliminate detrimental populations of neural cells.
- Viral entry into the Nervous System
- Tools used for Diagnosing Neuroviral Infections
- Use of Viruses Gene therapy
- Future of the neurovirology Field
The spreading of viruses and viral infectious diseases across the globe is referred as epidemiology. The epidemiologic studies of infectious diseases have concentrated on the factors which influence acquisition and spread, because this knowledge is essential for developing methods of prevention and control. Basically, epidemiologic studies and the application knowledge which gained from them have been essential to the control of the epidemic diseases, such as cholera, plague, smallpox, yellow fever, and typhus.
- Virus Surveillance
- Factors influencing the spread of Viruses
- Molecular Epidemiology
- West Nile Virus
Recently many researches and experiments are going on antiviral agents and their developed to act against the viruses and to prevent viral diseases. Naturally most of the antivirals are used for specific viral infections, where a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Some antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen instead they inhibit their development. Sometime antiviral drugs may be toxic to human cells and viruses can also develop resistance to antiviral drugs. Some other antiviral drugs strengthen the immune response to the viral infection.
- Interferon Drugs
- Immune Globin
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Limitations of Antivirals